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Georgia Natural Wonder #277 - Adams Park - Fulton County (Part 6)
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Georgia Natural Wonder #277 - Adams Park

We are following the stone work of William Lott Monroe and we come to Charles R. Adams Park. It is located in southwest Atlanta, approximately six miles from downtown. It is a public city park surrounded by the residential neighborhood of Cascade Heights, which has houses dating mostly from the 1920s to the 1960s. The general topography is hilly with mature hardwood trees and pines. 

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Top Row Dawg visited Adams Park on Saturday. Images off the beaten path shows why this is a Natural Wonder of Georgia way down here at #277. 

Our TRD Scrolling Nugget is Adam Clayton for Adams Park. He is the bass guitarist for the rock band U2, a position he has held since the band's inception in 1976. Known for his steady, melodic, and often driving bass lines, he is a cornerstone of U2's sound.



Construction of the park, also known as Adams Park, was begun in the mid-1930s, but the dedication ceremony took place in 1940. The nominated property consists of a 32-acre designed landscape including passive greenspace, a lake and stream, and active recreational and community facilities. 

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The naturalistic landscape design makes use of curvilinear paths, dramatic vistas, and rustic materials to evoke the rural aesthetic common to other public parks from the period. 

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Hardscape features include stone walls, stairs, paths, bridges, culverts, and urns constructed of granite from local quarries. 

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The centerpiece is a shaded canyon-like area with picnic shelters (some constructed of large logs), stone grills, and a stream with large boulders and rocky cliffs. 

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A flatter adjacent area features a two-acre lake with an embankment and a small island reached by a stone bridge.  

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Monroe style wall at main parking. Dodge Charger Club hanging out. 

Charles R. Adams Park is a 32-acre city park located in the Cascade Heights neighborhood of southwest Atlanta. It was built in the late 1930s based on the designs of William L. Monroe, Sr. The park initially served the white residents of Fulton County during a time when the population was growing rapidly. 

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First stone path to Picnic Shelter. Don't think this is a Monroe grill though.

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The grounds include both active and passive recreational features such as stone paths, stone walls and stone bridges, picnic areas, community buildings, and sports facilities. 

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Lovely canopy of trees by this first shelter. 

Landscape and Structures

The landscape design of Charles R. Adams Park (including culverts, grills, picnic shelters, walkways, stairs, and small bridges, etc.) is counted as one contributing site as this park was named on the National Register of Historic Properties in Fulton County. 

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Because of its relatively large size, the man-made lake is individually counted as a contributing structure.  

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The park consists of two dis-contiguous tracts, surrounded by residential streets. The Adams Park Golf Course (now known as the Alfred “Tup” Holmes Golf Course) is located adjacent to the two tracts. 

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The golf course and its clubhouse are not included in this nomination due to alterations to the course that may affect its historic integrity. The larger main tract is shown on the National Register maps as Tract 2 (not an official designation). 

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At the north side is an entrance to the park off of Venetian Road, one of the surrounding streets. Flora all over park. 

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Across Venetian looks like private property but still some Monroe like landscaping. 

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A walking path/ service road leads to the first of three historic picnic shelters with rustic log designs. Only one rustic shelter left. 

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As the land begins a gentle slope downward into the picnic area, there were two additional log picnic shelters (photographs 14, 15, and 16). 

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Next to each picnic shelter is a freestanding stone grill (photograph 18). These shelters and grills all date to the 1930s construction of the park. 

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TRD images of grills.

To the east of the log shelters is tree-covered land next to the stream and hillside. 

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An unnamed intermittent stream (a tributary of Utoy Creek) feeds into the park at Venetian Drive through the park’s first stone culvert. 

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The trickling stream cascades down around large exposed rocks and a massive tilted boulder. The effect was created as part of the landscape design by William L. Monroe, Sr. 

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When the stream reaches the bottom of the hillside, it winds around the east side of the picnic area through a second stone culvert and under a vehicular bridge connected to an unpaved road. 

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Bottom of canyon. 

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The stream continues under an arched, stone footbridge connected to stone stairs and walls leading to the pool area (photographs 20 and 21).

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TRD images of this bridge. 

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Local rock from 1930's.

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At top to left swimming pool, to right back to baseball fields and parking lot. 

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Looking down stairs brilliant rocky construction by WPA. 

Much of the boulder and rock-strewn edges next to the stream are now covered with invasive ground cover and years of composted leaves. 

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City does good job keeping it maintained.

The hillside along the stream, some of which is exposed granite, is dotted with outcrops of trees. 

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In a canyon.

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At the center of the crushed-rock-covered picnic area, there is a large picnic pavilion with a massive stone fireplace and several picnic tables (photograph 17). 

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This shelter is set on a concrete slab, and is covered with a gabled roof topped with a monitor. 

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TRD rambled around this shelter. 

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Lot of Monroe or subsequent stone work. 

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Next to the shelter are picnic tables (photograph 19). 

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They are arranged in front of a raised stone-and-concrete platform with a three-sided bench (photograph 22). 

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Stage for music. 

The area is heavily shaded by mature beech, oak, hickory, and pine trees. This low point of the park is known as the “canyon.” Two footbridges span the stream in this section. The concrete-slab bridge in photograph 24 appears to be a replacement. 

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TRD images of modern bridge. 

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The hillside on the west side of the picnic area is divided into two tiers by a network of pathways. 

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Trees runoff flowers.

Nestled into this hillside above the stream and third stone culvert is a stone walkway that spans 330 feet across the length of the hill (photograph 7). 

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This rustic walkway also has stone walls on each side that act as retaining walls for the hillside. 

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This walkway and stone work was pretty neat. 

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Lot of images this stone walkway. Steps to no where. 

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There are two complete sets of stone stairs off this walkway. The one at the south end of the walkway leads down 25 feet to the interior park road (photograph 6).

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The upper section of these stairs is no longer extant, nor is the former “comfort station ” (restrooms) in this area. 

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Water runoff and flowers.

Another set of stone stairs, located about midway along the walkway, is intact and rises 84 feet above the hillside walkway (photograph 8). 

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From the top of the stairs at the upper level, there is a panoramic view of the picnic area about 100 feet below and of the lake to the southeast, maybe in winter. 

It leads to a 250-foot circular stone path on the upper street level near Delowe Drive. The circular path, with its three stone urns (photograph 9), was once the main pedestrian entrance into the park. It is across the street from the golf course clubhouse. 

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Walked all along this path. 

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The park’s interior vehicular roadway, known as Lagoon Drive, encompasses the lake and recreation fields at the southern end of the park. The drive follows the natural topography in a semi-circle for two-tenths of a mile, dividing the park into two sections, and providing the only vehicular access for visitors. Beginning at Delowe Drive to the west, the roadway provides views of the lake and the upper tier green space. As Lagoon Drive reaches level ground, it continues past the “canyon ” area, outdoor pool and pool house, tennis courts and picnic pavilion, playground, ball fields, and recreation center. Lagoon Drive exits onto Boulevard Lorraine by the recreation center. 

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I walked down from the parking lot on the stairs. 

The unnamed intermittent stream (a tributary of Utoy Creek) then flows through a third stone culvert under the park’s main road and into the fishing lake. 

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Stone steps from Lagoon Drive lead down to the 1.7-acre man-made fishing lake (a contributing structure), which has an average depth of about 11 feet. 

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The open bowl-shaped topography with its trees and under story growth provides seclusion from the surrounding residential area (photograph 1). 

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The slopes around the lake rise about 15 feet above the lake at the highest point. The roadway and upper level greens pace form the "lip” of the bowl-like configuration and at this vantage point there is a view of the lake below. The west bank is built up with granite and some sandstone. 

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The island on the east side of the lake is the remains of the earthen embankment that separated the stream from the lake (photograph 2). 

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The embankment served as the walking path along the east bank. Since its removal, there is no path directly along the east bank of the lake. 

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There is an amazing Boardwalk now. 

There is a stone footbridge that connects the island to a stone walkway and stairs up to ball fields, playground, and recreation center. 

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At the mouth of the fourth stone culvert that feeds the stream into the lake on the north side is a concrete-and- stone storm-water diversionary system. 

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It was originally designed to prevent rain-swollen stream waters from emptying directly into the lake and to divert waters from streams into a separate channel, which was contained by an earthen embankment that ran along the east side of the lake. What was once a full-fledged stream when the park was built in the 1930s is now only a thin trickle during heavy rainfall. 

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Along the southern bank of the lake is another stone bridge (photograph 5) and stairs to the recreation facilities. 

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There is an inscription on the bridge that says, “WPA 1938.” I never could find that marker. 

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Lot of images this Monroe bridge. 

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Overflow from the lake now flows over a concrete spillway (built in 1999 or 2000) and under the bridge into a rock-covered channel. 

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The channel dips below the level of the lake and meanders through a picturesque area.

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Now I went overboard walking and photographing this area of park. An actual waterfall. 

Then continuing through the fifth stone culvert Delowe Drive. 

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An aeration fountain was added near the center of the lake in 2007, replacing an earlier fountain. 

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There is a small non-historic (1970s) pump house built to pump lake water across the street for the golf course ’s irrigation system (On right side image below).

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National Register Historic Property Significance.

Charles R. Adams Park is nominated under Criteria A and C at the local level of significance as a good example of an urban park designed by William L. Monroe, Sr., who played a role in several Atlanta parks and gardens between the 1920s and 1960s. The park is significant in the area of landscape architecture (Criterion C) for utilizing the principles of naturalistic landscape design that relied on local materials and skilled labor-intensive craftsmanship, as was common in many larger state and national parks during this period. 

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Hidden section of park. 

The design works with the park’s rugged topography and flowing stream to create an urban oasis with rustic stonework, picturesque views, native and exotic plant species, and recreational amenities. 

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That same Utoy Creek tributary. 

William L. Monroe, Sr. (1892-1965), a noted Atlanta landscaper, founded Monroe Landscape and Nursery Company in 1925, one of the first such companies in Atlanta. His major landscaping projects in Georgia included the grounds of the Berry schools (now Berry College) (GNW #54) in Rome and the Rabun Gap-Nacoochee School in Rabun County. He also designed Atlanta’s Chastain Park (GNW #276) and Carroll Gardens (GNW #260), as well as numerous residential landscapes. 

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And there is this newer boardwalk.  

Adams Park is also significant in the areas of community planning and development and entertainment/recreation (Criterion A) for its role in the establishment of a system of urban parks for Fulton County and the city of Atlanta. Developed as a county park in the late 1930s and named for county commissioner Dr. Charles R. Adams, the park was initially part of a planned multi-million dollar program to improve parks and golf courses in order to attract a population with the economic means to enjoy leisure activities. This use of county funds was controversial, and Adams was criticized for extending his influence to further the project. The park is also significant for its use of federal relief money during the Great Depression to construct many of the facilities and landscape features with Works Progress Administration labor. Adams Park became an Atlanta city park under the 1952 “Plan of Improvement ” when the city annexed large portions of unincorporated Fulton County. 

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Still wandering this grotto below lake and last Monroe bridge.

Narrative Statement of Significance: Charles R. Adams Park is significant in the area of landscape architecture for its overall historic landscape following the designs of William L. Monroe, Sr. and the landscape features constructed by workers using federal Works Progress Administration (WPA) funds. Remaining historic features include a lake and channelized stream, stone steps and walkways, rustic picnic shelters, stone urns, native plant materials, and stonework from local sources. Adams Park was designed and built in the mid-1930s using the principles of naturalistic landscape design similar to those used by the National Park Service and many New Deal-era public works projects. The preservation of existing natural features, employment of curvilinear forms, the framing of natural dramatic vistas, the use of local natural materials, and the skilled labor-intensive craftsmanship of the extensive stonework are evident throughout the landscape. The landscape design was intended to be nonintrusive and subordinate to the existing natural environment. Adams Park is intentionally secluded from its residential surroundings. 

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Loved this grotto. 

William L. Monroe, Sr. (1892-1965) was an early Atlanta landscape designer who played an important role in the design and construction of Atlanta’s gardens and parks between 1925 and 1963. Monroe’s reputation as a significant influence on landscaping in the city is generally recognized in Atlanta’s community of landscape architects and gardeners, although much of his work is lost or undocumented. His fascinating gardens, with their well-crafted stonework, soothing water features, and ambitious scale, are good examples of recreational retreats created during the Great Depression era and later. The myriad paths, stone furniture, and picnic areas found in both his public and private gardens were conceived to encourage exploration and activity rather than to present a formalized architectural statement. Monroe’s gardens expertly reflected an emphasis on inviting natural spaces where the structural elements are woven into the environment, suggesting the close connection between man and nature. Adams Park is a good intact example of Monroe’s work, and one of the few of his landscapes that remains easily accessible to the public. 

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There, I used all my images from the grotto visit. 

Adams Park is also significant in the areas of entertainment/recreation and community planning and development as a public recreation space influenced by the recreation movement and other social improvement movements of the time period. The early 20th century was a period of economic growth and development for Fulton County and Atlanta. From about 1936 through 1950, Fulton County made significant investments in parks to help promote population growth. Chastain Park to the north of Atlanta (now part of the city) was designed by William L. Monroe, Sr. almost simultaneously with Adams Park in the city’s southwest sector using the same rustic-style influences. Both parks used federal relief agency funds to construct stonework and landscape features. These projects were direct results of the county’s strategy to use parks to attract a middle-class population with the economic means to have leisure time to enjoy nature and recreational amenities.

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Wonderful park and trees from 1930's.

In the mid-1920s plans were underway by Fulton County to increase residential development in the unincorporated county to the south and north of the city of Atlanta. Land was purchased for the development of parks as a tool to encourage growth in the new suburban neighborhoods that were being developed. A key component of the funding came from President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Works Progress Administration (WPA), created in 1935 by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act to provide useful work for needy unemployed individuals. 

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Appreciating the Natural Wonder of this park. 

According to the Atlanta Constitution on July 28, 1935:

On completion of construction work in the new Charles R. Adams Park adjoining Cascade Heights, that section will have the largest recreational center in Fulton County. The park property was purchased by the county and the work done by the government with FERA [Federal Emergency Relief Agency] labor. Golf courses, lake, swimming pool, tennis courts, and baseball diamonds are included in the program of development.

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I wandered all around the lake. 

By 1935 Adams Park was under construction at a cost of roughly $331,095, of which $262,689 came from federal funds. The final cost was closer to $376,000. The park was dedicated on May 29, 1940 with a group of almost 1,000 people in attendance. Newspaper reports also indicate that the park was an impetus for further residential development in the surrounding neighborhood of Cascade Heights.

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West bank and geese across lake on East bank.

The construction of the park was not without controversy. Adams Park was named after Dr. Charles R. Adams, who was a Fulton County commissioner from 1935 to 1942. News articles from 1939 discussed a grand jury probe of commissioners Adams and Troy Chastain for using their positions to further their interests in property near the park. Adams lived a mile or so from the subdivision and park. His campaign manager was the exclusive sales agent for the Cascade Heights subdivision (where the park is located). Chastain and Adams were not indicted, but there were many questions over the amount of money going towards parks, particularly parks with expensive golf courses, which were not considered affordable for the average person.

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Finished loop around lake and came back to stone work at head of lake again. 

Under the 1952 “Plan of Improvement,” the city of Atlanta expanded its borders to the south and to the north by annexing large portions of unincorporated Fulton County.

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 As a result of the annexation, Adam Park and Chastain Park both became incorporated into Atlanta’s city boundaries.

History of the Cascade Heights Neighborhood

Adams Park was built on land that was purchased around 1924 by Weyman & Conley Company (also known as Wey-Con, Inc.). The surrounding area was developed as the broader Cascade Heights subdivision (also known as Cascade). Cascade often refers to a larger area in southwest Atlanta that consists of several smaller neighborhoods including Adams Park, Beecher Hills, Peyton Forest, Mangum Manor, West Manor, and others. 

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Winding down all the TRD images.

Until the early 1960s, the overall population consisted mostly of white families. A practice by realtors called “block-busting” exacerbated racial tensions by convincing white residents that African Americans would lower property values if they moved in nearby. In 1962 Atlanta Mayor Ivan Allen ordered a barricade erected at Peyton Road to ensure continued separation of white and black neighborhoods in southwest Atlanta. 

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The barricade was dismantled after protests and court orders. As African Americans purchased houses, many of the original residents moved away. By the late 1960s, a demographic reversal had occurred and the area transitioned into a predominantly African-American upper-middle-class neighborhood. It became known as the home of several notable or prominent Atlantan's such as Hank Aaron, Ambassador Andrew Young, and Mayor Shirley Franklin.

History of Adams Park

Adams Park (the park, not the neighborhood) was built on three non-contiguous parcels of land. (Two of the parcels are included in this nomination. The golf course is excluded.) The first parcel would contain the community clubhouse (1936), gym (c.1950), ball fields, and picnic shelters. This tract was initially sold to the Fulton County Board of Education by Wey-Con, Inc. for one dollar in March of 1928 to build a school for the burgeoning community. The parcel was large enough to accommodate the school that was eventually built on the north side of the tract, along with the park features on the south side. The park was dedicated in 1940 after several years of construction. 

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No more TRD images past these.

The community center (Cascade Community Clubhouse), located on Wilson Drive, was once a center of community activity. It housed a Carnegie Library until the Adams Park Library was built in 1942. The clubhouse was built in 1936 and is listed among Georgia’s WPA (Work Progress Administration) projects. It was the meeting place for the Cascade Garden Club and several other community organizations. A 1937 topography and elevation plat shows a garden located in the rear of the clubhouse. As the community surrounding the park grew, the elementary school became so crowded in the early 1950s that the park’s Cascade Community Clubhouse and the Youth Hut (no longer extant) were used for some of the second and third grade classes. The clubhouse and library were each eventually closed, and are now awaiting other uses. The former gymnasium is used for a maintenance building.

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Ducks and a Blue Heron. 

Segregation in Atlanta Parks

In 1917 the city of Atlanta had 492 acres of park land. Adams Park, created in the late 1930s, was initially part of the Fulton County parks system until 1952, when the city of Atlanta annexed the neighborhood and its parks into the city limits. By 1956, after annexation, the city had 938 acres of park land. The state of Georgia had passed a law in 1905 that segregated all parks. In 1915 Atlanta had two parks for African Americans and 11 parks for white residents. In 1926 blacks could use only three of the city’s 24 parks. By 1940 Atlanta had passed an ordinance officially segregating the city parks. The U. S. Supreme Court ordered desegregation of the city’s golf courses in 1955. The Adams Park Golf Course was renamed for Alfred “Tup” Holmes in 1983. 

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Holmes and a drone view of his golf course.

Holmes was part of a group of black golfers who filed a lawsuit in 1953 to desegregate Atlanta’s public parks and golf courses. The case worked its way to the U.S. Supreme Court and on November 7, 1955, the court ruled against Atlanta's "separate but equal" precept in public golf courses. The case was handled by a young NAACP attorney, future Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall.

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Marshall at Supreme Court and desegregation Adams Park golf course.

In 1961 student leaders of the Committee on Appeal for Human Rights (COAHR) filed a federal lawsuit seeking to end discrimination in all of Atlanta’s public city-owned facilities such as parks, municipal buildings, and swimming pools. A federal court ruled in the students’ favor in 1962 and the city integrated its swimming pools in 1963. Adams Park was presumably desegregated at this time.

Fulton County (Part 6)

I'm really enjoying exploring Atlanta and Fulton County after all these years working on this forum. I have five more pretty solid separate Georgia Natural Wonders in mind. We have 117 remaining National Register of Historic Places listings in Fulton County.

Inman Park Historic District

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We covered Inman Park pretty good in the Battle of Atlanta (GNW #265).

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Inman Park-Moreland Historic District

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Kriegshaber House is now the Wrecking Bar Brewpub.

Island Ford Lodge

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King Plow Company

For over eighty years from 1901 to 1986, the King Plow Company was one of the leading manufacturers of farming implements in the South, shipping to over 38 states and many other countries. 

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This complex of historic industrial buildings was the company's principal manufacturing plant.

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Terminal West venue now. Bar out back where you can drink and watch late night trains pass by.

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Martin Luther King, Jr., Historic District

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Ebeneezer Church, Interior old church where his mom was shot 1974. New church across Auburn Avenue where Rafael Warnock still preaches on weekend. 

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Tomb day after Dexter died. The Atlanta Hawk visited parents. 

Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site

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Civil Rights Walk of Fame, Nobel Peace Prize, Shotgun Shacks. 

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Birth home and piano Dr. King busted with baseball bat when he was called in for piano lessons from neighborhood baseball game.
 
M.C. Kiser Company Building

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William and Ruth Knight Lustron House

The Knight Lustron House is significant in architecture and engineering as an example of post-World War II prefabricated housing and an excellent and intact example of the "Lustron" type of prefabricated house. 

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This innovative and unusual type of prefabrication employed porcelain-enamel baked on steel panels.

Knox Apartments, Cauthorn House and Peachtree Road Apartments Historic District

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Victor H. Kriegshaber House

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Lakewood Heights Historic District

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Lindridge-Martin Manor Historic District

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Crawford W. Long Memorial Hospital

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Father of Anesthesia.

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Manuel's Tavern

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Mark Inn East

Constructed in 1964, it is significant under Criterion A in the area of commerce as the remarkably intact second location of Mark Inn, Inc., an Atlanta‐based motel chain. Thus, Mark Inn East is an important local example of a distinct phase in the evolution of interstate-catering hospitality.

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The building has been renovated and converted into an affordable housing complex called the Ralph David House. 

Means Street Historic District

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Medical Arts Building

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Constructed in 1927. Vacant since 1995. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.

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It was also amongst the first to have a covered parking garage.

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Memorial to the Six Million

The Memorial to the Six Million is an open-air structure designed as a memorial to the murdered Jews of the Holocaust. It is located in Greenwood Cemetery in southwest Atlanta. Greenwood Cemetery, which includes over 3,000 Jewish and gentile burials, became the principal Jewish cemetery in the first decades of the 20th century after the last burial plots were sold in Oakland Cemetery near downtown Atlanta. 

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Completed in 1965, the memorial was built by survivors who resided in Atlanta and sought a place to pray for family members that perished in the Holocaust. 

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It is the second such Holocaust memorial in the United States after Philadelphia's.

Kenneth and Hazel Meredith House

Significant under Criterion C at the local level in the area of architecture as a remarkably intact example of English Vernacular Revival style architecture.

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Significant under Criterion C at the local level in the area of landscape architecture as a remarkably intact example of the property's landscape design is attributed to noted Atlanta landscape designer, William L. Monroe, Sr. Although many years have passed since Monroe's original plan was created, there are a number of original landscape features, including plantings, that have survived. The grounds of the Meredith house, include the intact original
barbecue pit and patio. 

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Winding paths, tiered rock garden.

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Methodist Cemetery

The Old Roswell Cemetery (also known as the Old Methodist Cemetery) in Roswell, Georgia, established around 1836, is a historic burial ground listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2021. Located near the historic Methodist Church, it contains graves of early settlers. Often featuring graves of families tied to the development of the city's mills.

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We covered the Roswell Cemetery pretty good with (GNW # 144 (Part 2).

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Methodist Center

Significance: An excellent example of mid-century modern design (New Formalism) by the renowned Atlanta firm Finch, Alexander, Barnes, Rothschild, and Paschal. Features a six-story office tower and a unique twelve-sided, one-story chapel on a raised plaza. 

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Served as the administrative headquarters of the North Georgia Conference of the Methodist Church.

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Replacing the church facilities, which had been vacant for nearly 20 years, are Revival Lofts. 51 apartments and an amenity space in the 12-sided chapel. 

Midtown Historic District

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Boy's High School is now Grady High School.

Mozley Park Historic District

Mozley Park is significant in architecture because it is a good example of a planned neighborhood reflecting a variety of historic architectural styles.

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They range from the Queen Anne, through a large majority of Craftsman Bungalow houses, to minimal traditional style interpretations of the late-1930s and early 1940s.

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National NuGrape Company

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Purple front door.

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Right on the Belt-line. 

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Lofts now.

New Hope African Methodist Episcopal Church and Cemetery

The New Hope African Methodist Episcopal Church and Cemetery is significant at the local level as a good example of a rural African-American church and cemetery, which has served as an educational, social and religious center for its congregation since the postbellum period. 

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The church, constructed in 1936 on land donated to the congregation after the Civil War, continues to serve its community amidst its now suburban setting and far-flung congregation.

Newtown Elementary School

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This photo shows students and teachers at the Newtown School in 1930.

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Students sit in Miss Alexander's third grade classroom at the Newtown School in 1961 or 1962.

William P. Nicolson House

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The property was operated as the Shellmont Inn Bed and Breakfast until 2016.

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Our Georgia Natural Wonder gals are all named Adams for Adams Park.

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Amy Adams - Maud Adams - Brooke Adams - Julie Adams


Cool
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